Final answer:
During the relative refractory period, potassium (K+) gates are open, allowing K+ ions to exit the cell, which helps return the cell to its resting state after an action potential has occurred.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the relative refractory period, the membrane potential is returning towards the resting state, meaning that potassium (K+) gates are open and K+ ions continue to leave the cell at a high rate. After the action potential peaks, sodium (Na+) channels close, making it difficult for another action potential to be initiated. During this period, any incoming Na+ ions have a reduced effect due to the ongoing outward flow of K+ ions, which moves the cell membrane potential closer to the K+ equilibrium potential and helps prevent the cell from hyperpolarizing too much. These mechanisms ensure that each action potential is a discrete, separate event, allowing for clear signal transmission along the neuron. During the relative refractory period, both sodium and potassium gates are open. The relative refractory period is a phase that follows the absolute refractory period in the generation of an action potential in a neuron or muscle cell. During this period, the membrane potential is more negative than the resting potential and it takes a stronger stimulus to initiate another action potential.