Question

(∼C ⊃ ∼J) • (P ⊃ L)

J ∨ ∼L
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C ∨ ∼P
a. CD—valid.
b. Invalid.
c. DD—valid.
d. MT—valid.
e. CD—invalid.

Answer 1

The argument provided does not match a common valid form known as disjunctive syllogism, and its validity cannot be confirmed without additional information or premises.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question provided is related to logical reasoning and the evaluation of an argument's validity within the realm of formal logic. To assess whether the argument is valid or invalid, we can examine the structure of the argument to compare it with known valid argument forms, such as modus tollens and disjunctive syllogism.

The argument presented can be broken down as follows:

• (∼C ⊃ ∼J)
• (P ⊃ L)
• J ∨ ∼L

Conclusion: C ∨ ∼P

To determine the argument's validity, we compare it with a common valid form called a disjunctive syllogism, which has the structure:

1. If P, then Q.
2. Not Q.
3. Therefore, not P.

However, the provided argument does not match this form, and without additional rules or premises, we cannot immediately determine its validity. Therefore, without further information, we cannot confirm that the argument is valid, and the correct choice would likely be 'b. Invalid.'