Final answer:
The Doryphoros, sculpted by Polykleitos, exemplifies an idealized sculptural representation of the essence of humanity using the Canon of proportions. It reflects the values of symmetry and harmony prevalent in Classical Greek art and stands as a paragon of the 'ideal man' with its mathematical proportion and naturalistic pose.
Step-by-step explanation:
A sculptural figure, such as Doryphoros, is often used to represent ideas about the essence of humanity, rather than depicting a specific individual. The Doryphoros, sculpted by Polykleitos, is a prime example of this. Created in the High Classical period, it represents the ideal man based on mathematical formulas demonstrating idealized human proportions.
Polykleitos's statue of Doryphoros (Spear Bearer) is not only significant for its physical perfection but also for the philosophical ideals of symmetry and harmony it embodies. Standing about seven 'heads' tall, it showcases the Canon of proportions, a set of guidelines for creating the perfectly proportioned human figure, which was highly valued in Classical Greek art.
The Doryphoros' contrapposto stance is an essential aspect symbolizing balance and naturalism, contrasting with earlier, more rigid sculptures that lacked such dynamism. This evolution from the Archaic rigidity towards a more naturalistic portrayal can also be observed in earlier figures like the kouros figure of Kroisos. The Doryphoros, with its well-built soldier form holding a spear, exudes a sense of innate liveliness while retaining a serene and expressionless face, characteristic of that time.