Final answer:
In filtration, filter paper or membrane filters are used to collect desired solids from mixtures. For larger volumes and specific tasks, sand filters, vacuum, or pressure filters are alternatives. HEPA filters are employed for air filtration to remove microbes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Filtration Instruments for Collecting Solids
During filtration, various instruments can be used to collect the desired solid from a heterogeneous mixture. For laboratory-scale filtration, filter paper within a funnel is commonly used to separate solids from liquids. The liquid passes through the filter paper, while the solid remains on top. For larger volumes or different requirements, other filtration systems such as sand filters, membrane filters, and vacuum or pressure filters might be employed to efficiently collect solids.
Specifically, membrane filters are capable of removing even fine particles such as bacteria from liquids. These filters are designed with pore sizes suitable for the task, for instance, filters with an effective pore size of 0.2 µm are often used to remove bacteria. For HEPA filtration, which is used for air filtration to remove microbes including bacteria and viruses, the filters have effective pore sizes of 0.3 µm. In clinical settings, HEPA filters are used in various equipment such as in air-conditioning systems and air purifiers.