Final answer:
Mendel did not predict that genes would be carried on the same chromosome; this was discovered later by Thomas Hunt Morgan. Morgan's research showed that linked genes do not always follow Mendel's law of independent assortment and can be inherited together unless recombination occurs during meiosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'Mendel predicted that some genes would be carried in the same chromosome' is false. Mendel's work predicted that traits are inherited independently of each other. It was Thomas Hunt Morgan who identified that some genes did not assort independently because they were located on the same chromosome, showing that the random segregation of chromosomes was the physical basis of Mendel's model. Morgan's discovery of genetic linkage explained why some genes did not follow Mendel's predicted outcomes of independent assortment. Furthermore, alleles that are on the same chromosome sometimes became unlinked due to the process of homologous recombination during meiosis.
Genes that are located in close proximity on the same chromosome are said to be linked genes. This means the alleles for these genes will often be inherited together, unless recombination occurs to separate them, leading to offspring ratios that may not conform to Mendel's law of independent assortment. Distance on a chromosome determines how likely it is for genes to be linked: genes that are farther apart have a higher probability of recombination occurring between them, which means they are more likely to assort independently.