Final answer:
The subject discussed involves unemployment insurance and pension systems in the United States. Unemployment insurance provides financial aid to unemployed workers, while the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation and Social Security Act ensure retired workers receive their pensions and benefits.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to the provision of unemployment insurance and pensions for retired workers, which are components of broader social welfare and economic policies. Specifically, unemployment insurance is a system designed to provide temporary financial assistance to workers who lose their jobs through no fault of their own. It involves workers paying into a state fund while employed, which then provides them with benefits if they become unemployed. Regarding pensions, the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation ensures that employees receive at least some pension benefits if a company fails to pay its promised retiree pensions due to bankruptcy. Additionally, the Social Security Act established a federal program offering old-age pensions for retired workers and their dependents, which is financed through taxes on employers and employees. Retirement insurance like Social Security and Medicare functions by having all workers contribute a portion of their income into these programs, which later offers income and health care benefits to the elderly.