Final answer:
The correct answer to the question is comparative negligence, which allows for damage recovery reduced by the plaintiff's percentage of fault, unlike contributory negligence that bars recovery if the plaintiff is at fault.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes a scenario where damage is reduced in proportion to the amount of negligence of the party making the claim is known as comparative negligence. Under the doctrine of comparative negligence, a plaintiff's compensation for an injury is reduced by a percentage equal to their share of liability for the incident. Unlike contributory negligence, which completely bars recovery if the plaintiff is found to be even minimally negligent, comparative negligence allows for recovery but the damages awarded are adjusted based on the plaintiff's degree of fault.