Final answer:
Inference is a reasoned guess made by interpreting evidence and applying logical reasoning. It is distinct from a fact as it is based on drawing conclusions beyond explicit information, and it requires critical thinking. The correct option for describing an inference is 'D. reasoned guess'.
Step-by-step explanation:
An inference can be best described as a reasoned guess. Unlike a fact, which is a statement that can be proven true or false, an inference involves making a conclusion based on evidence and reasoning. This is a fundamental aspect of critical thinking and reading comprehension where a person uses the information presented to draw conclusions that go beyond the explicit content.
For instance, if we attend several classes across different departments and observe an absence of minority students in each, we might infer that there is a low enrollment of minority students at the school. However, this is not a concrete fact, as we have not seen the enrollment data. Our inference is a reasoned conclusion based on limited evidence and our personal knowledge or experience.
In the context of the given question, we can confidently say that the correct option is D. reasoned guess. An inference is not merely a generalization or an opinion; it is a more nuanced process of drawing conclusions from the evidence presented, often involving inductive or deductive reasoning strategies.