Final answer:
The correct answer is d. efficiency; effectiveness. Efficiency relates to the optimal use of resources to maximize output, while effectiveness is related to achieving the set goals of an organization.
Step-by-step explanation:
Whereas efficiency is concerned with the means of getting things done, effectiveness is concerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals. The phrase that accurately fills the blanks in the statement is d. efficiency; effectiveness.
Efficiency is about the economic use of resources; it measures the effectiveness of the input of energy to do work. It's aimed at making sure that any input, such as labor, materials, or money, is being used in a way that maximizes output with minimum waste.
In contrast, effectiveness is about achieving the desired outcome, or the end goals of an organization. An organization is effective if it is successful in achieving its objectives, regardless of the resources used to get there.