Final answer:
A successful argument makes a clear claim and supports it with evidence (option b), addressing counterclaims to show an understanding of different perspectives.
Step-by-step explanation:
A successful argument is one that effectively makes a claim about an issue and then supports the claim with evidence. This includes providing logical reasoning and backing the claim with various forms of support such as facts, opinions, paraphrases, and summaries. Notably, it is also crucial to provide citations for the material from other sources to bolster the argument's credibility.
An argumentative writer must present a clear and definite viewpoint and avoid leaving the audience guessing their position. Alongside the main claim, counterclaims or dissenting opinions should be acknowledged to demonstrate empathy and understanding of differing perspectives. However, the writer must ultimately support their viewpoint with reasoning and evidence to persuade the audience of its validity. This may involve cause-and-effect, comparison, problem-solution approaches, and evidence like statistics, anecdotes, examples, or quotations. In academic settings such as a college class, the audience typically comprises an instructor and classmates, but outside of academia, it can include anyone who might engage with the argument. The writer's task is to maintain a compelling position that is well-organized and clearly aligns with the thesis or main claim throughout the paper. This approach is what distinguishes a well-crafted argumentative essay from a mere collection of facts and details.