Final answer:
It is true that neurological factors are primarily responsible for strength gains in children, with neuroplasticity playing a key role during their developmental years. Hypertrophy is less significant in children due to hormonal differences compared to adults.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neurological factors, as opposed to hypertrophic factors, are primarily responsible for strength gains in children. This is true. In early childhood, neurological adaptations are the main contributor to increases in strength, rather than the increase in muscle size (hypertrophy) that is often seen in adults. Neurological improvements can include better coordination, increased nerve firing rates, and enhanced motor unit recruitment. Children's muscles undergo neuroplasticity, which is the nervous system's ability to change and adapt, especially during their early years. Conversely, hypertrophy, which refers to the enlargement of muscle fibers through an increase in the number of sarcomeres and myofibrils, is not as significant in children due to their lower levels of androgens, which are hormones that typically stimulate muscle growth.