Final answer:
Central nervous system stimulants affect chemicals in the brain that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control by increasing neural activity and acting on dopamine neurotransmission.
Step-by-step explanation:
Central nervous system stimulants affect chemicals in the brain that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control. These stimulants increase the levels of neural activity and often act as agonists of the dopamine neurotransmitter system. By blocking the reuptake of dopamine and stimulating its release, these drugs increase neurotransmitter activity in brain areas associated with impulse control, such as the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia.