Final answer:
The psychologist observing a day care center through a one-way mirror is using naturalistic observation, which is watching behaviors in their natural environment without intervention. This is different from participant observation, where the researcher would immerse themselves in the group being studied.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a psychologist observes a day care center through a one-way mirror, she is utilizing a form of research known as naturalistic observation. This method involves observing behavior in its natural setting without interfering with the environment. The key here is that naturalistic observation aims to witness behavior in a real-world setting, providing valuable insights into how individuals act when they are not aware they are being studied. Researchers must be careful not to influence the participants' behavior, as awareness of being observed can alter how people behave, which is known as the observer effect.
In contrast to other types of research such as participant observation, where the researcher might join and participate in the daily activities of the group, naturalistic observation often requires the observer to be inconspicuous. This approach can be very time-consuming and may require significant investments of time, money, and sometimes luck, as well as ethical considerations to ensure the privacy and rights of those being observed are respected.