Final answer:
The part of the DNA molecule that carries information for protein production is the order of the nucleotide bases, which constitutes the genetic code. It's this sequence that is transcribed to mRNA and ultimately translates into proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the DNA molecule that carries the information for producing proteins is A. the order of the nucleotide bases. The sequence of the nucleotides is what constitutes the genetic information, as the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) form specific sequences that constitute the genetic code. This genetic code is transcribed from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA), and then translated into a specific sequence of amino acids to form proteins.
The structure of DNA consists of a sugar-phosphate backbone with attached nitrogenous bases. The nucleotides are linked together by a polymerization reaction that binds the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the sugar group of the next, creating a long chain. However, it is the specific order of these bases—A, T, G, C—that carries the instructional code for protein synthesis, according to the central dogma of molecular biology, which articulates the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.