Final answer:
A karyotype is the technique used to stain and identify human chromosomes. It involves photographing the chromosomes and cutting and pasting them into a chart or karyogram. The banding patterns of each chromosome pair can be identified using microscopy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The technique whereby human chromosomes are stained and identified is called a karyotype. A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes, including their length, banding pattern, and centromere position. To obtain a view of an individual's karyotype, cytologists photograph the chromosomes, stain them with dyes, and then cut and paste each chromosome into a chart or karyogram. The distinct and reproducible banding patterns of each chromosome pair can be identified by an experienced geneticist using bright-field microscopy.