Final answer:
The organelles responsible for manufacturing proteins based on the genetic information from DNA are ribosomes. These structures interpolate the code from mRNA to synthesize proteins, which can then be modified and transported to their destination within the cell.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organelles that make proteins from information stored in DNA are b.) ribosomes.
Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, acting as the site where amino acids are assembled into proteins based on the genetic instructions carried by mRNA, which is transcribed from DNA. Within a eukaryotic cell, this process begins in the nucleus, where DNA resides. Here, genes are transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which then exits the nucleus and is used by ribosomes as a template for protein assembly. Ribosomes can be found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Proteins synthesized on RER-bound ribosomes are typically destined for secretion or inclusion within cell membranes. They're translocated into the lumen of the RER, where they may undergo modification like folding or addition of sugar groups. Subsequently, they're transferred to the Golgi apparatus for further modification, sorting, and packaging into vesicles for transport to their final destination.
This entire process illustrates the intricate coordination between the nucleus, ribosomes, RER, and Golgi apparatus in protein synthesis and transport, reflecting the highly organized nature of eukaryotic cells. It's this organization that facilitates complex processes allowing cells to function effectively and maintain homeostasis.