Final answer:
All cells possess a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytosol, and DNA. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do. Additional structures such as chloroplasts and cell walls are specific to plant cells and some other eukaryotic cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
All cells, whether prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells, have several key components in common. The structures that all cells have include a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytosol within the cytoplasm, and DNA, their genetic material. While prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, eukaryotic cells have these features, including a membrane-bound nucleus and various organelles such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus.
Plant cells and certain other eukaryotic cells have additional structures not found in all cells, such as a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. It's important to note that some structures like chloroplasts are specific to plant cells and some protists, and are not found in all cells.