Final answer:
The four components that make up the limbic system are the amygdala, the hippocampus, the cingulate gyrus, and the hypothalamus. These structures are involved in emotion regulation, memory, pain processing, and various homeostatic processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Limbic System
The limbic system is a complex set of brain structures that play a key role in regulating emotion, behaviour, and memory, among other functions. The four major components that make up the limbic system are the amygdala, the hippocampus, the cingulate gyrus, and the hypothalamus. The amygdala is critical for processing emotions like fear and helps in recognizing emotional cues in others. The hippocampus is essential for learning and memory formation. The cingulate gyrus is involved in managing emotional responses and processing pain, while the hypothalamus regulates various homeostatic processes including appetite, body temperature, and blood pressure and also links the nervous system to the endocrine system.