Final answer:
The different parts of a nucleotide among the five types found in DNA and RNA are the nitrogenous bases and the sugar component.
Step-by-step explanation:
The parts of a nucleotide that differ among the five kinds of nucleotides found in DNA and RNA are the nitrogenous bases and the sugar component. Each nucleotide is composed of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. In DNA, there are four types of nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). These four bases are joined to a deoxyribose sugar. In RNA, the bases are the same except for uracil (U), which replaces thymine.
Nitrogenous bases are categorized into two types: purines and pyrimidines. Purines, such as adenine and guanine, have a double ring structure, whereas pyrimidines like cytosine, thymine, and uracil have a single ring. The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, which has one less oxygen atom than ribose, the sugar found in RNA.