Final answer:
Ignoring a child during a tantrum and praising them afterward combines negative punishment with positive reinforcement to modify behavior, as seen when removing a child from an activity for misbehavior and praising them for good behavior later.
Step-by-step explanation:
Giving no attention to a child who is throwing a tantrum but praising them when it's over is an application of a behavior modification technique known as negative punishment. This approach is often paired with positive reinforcement. When a child misbehaves, they are subjected to negative punishment by being ignored or removed from a desirable activity, which is intended to decrease the unwanted behavior. Conversely, when the child's behavior is appropriate, positive reinforcement occurs through praise, rewarding the child and encouraging continuation of the good behavior. For instance, in a scenario where Sophia throws blocks at her brother and is then removed from the room, this is an example of negative punishment. Upon her return, if she plays nicely without throwing blocks and is praised, that is an example of positive reinforcement.