Final answer:
A tRNA molecule places amino acids in the correct sequence of a protein chain by matching its anticodon with the complementary mRNA codon at the ribosome, ensuring accurate protein synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
A tRNA molecule knows where to place its amino acids within a growing protein chain by using a specific three-base sequence on one of its ends called an anticodon. This anticodon is complementary to a codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA) that specifies a particular amino acid. The process begins with tRNA "charging," wherein enzymes called aminoacyl tRNA synthetases link tRNA molecules to their correct amino acids. This charged tRNA then carries the amino acid to the ribosome where protein synthesis is occurring.
At the ribosome, the tRNA's anticodon pairs with the complementary mRNA codon through complementary base pairing. This ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain in the sequence dictated by the mRNA. After the amino acid is added, the tRNA is released, recycled, and ready to be charged with another amino acid for incorporation into the protein chain.