Final answer:
The common goals element of leadership refers to the main focus or goal of a leader, which can be instrumental or expressive. Different leadership styles can be effective in different circumstances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The common goals element of the definition of leadership refers to the main focus or goal of a leader. It can be instrumental, where the leader is goal-oriented and focused on accomplishing tasks, such as an army general or CEO.
On the other hand, it can be expressive, where the leader is more concerned with promoting emotional strength and health, and ensuring that people feel supported, such as social and religious leaders.
Democratic leaders encourage group participation in decision making, while a laissez-faire leader allows members of the group to make their own decisions. An authoritarian leader, on the other hand, issues orders and assigns tasks. Each leadership style can be effective and successful in different circumstances.