Final answer:
All the structures listed (mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA) interact with ribosomes during protein synthesis; mRNA provides the genetic code, rRNA ensures proper alignment and catalysis within the ribosome, and tRNA brings specific amino acids to form a protein.
Step-by-step explanation:
d. all of the above. Each of the structures listed interacts with ribosomes during protein synthesis. mRNA (the messenger molecule that provides the code for protein synthesis) is read in sets of three bases known as codons inside the ribosome. tRNA (with an anticodon) brings the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome and matches it with the codon on the mRNA. rRNA is a major component of ribosomes, making up about 50% of its mass and playing roles in structural integrity and catalytic activity.
mRNA's role is critically to supply the genetic code which directs the sequence in which amino acids are added to the growing protein chain. tRNA's responsibility is to carry the correct amino acid to the site of protein synthesis. The ribosome and its rRNA ensure correct alignment and effective protein synthesis by catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds. Together, these molecules work intimately during translation, the process of protein synthesis.