Final answer:
The hippocampal formation is not a direct target of cortical output, while the striatum, amygdala, and thalamus are. The thalamus is a significant sensory relay station and a target within the neuroanatomy framework.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question 'Which of the following is not a target of cortical output?' is B. Hippocampal formation. The cortical output targets multiple structures within the brain, including the striatum (A), amygdala (C), and the thalamus (D). However, the hippocampal formation is not a direct target of the cortical output; instead, it receives input from other regions of the cortex and is involved more heavily in memory and spatial navigation.
The thalamus, mentioned across various questions, plays a substantial role in the neuroanatomy framework, functioning as a sensory relay station for all sensory information except for smell (Question 13) and is the target of output from the basal nuclei (Question 15). It stands as a principal component of structures arising from the diencephalon. In the context of the corticospinal pathway (Question 24), the cerebellar deep white matter is not part of this specific motor pathway. The corticospinal pathway typically involves the midbrain and other components of the central nervous system relevant to voluntary motor control.