Final answer:
Distance is a limitation in the regeneration of brain tissue, where neurons struggle to reconnect over extended areas. Replacement techniques, such as stem cell therapy, are not limited by distance. The construction of memories involves forming new ones, and reconstruction is the process of recalling those memories.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of brain repair where distance is a limitation is B. Regeneration. Brain regeneration involves the process where neurons attempt to regrow or repair themselves, but this process is significantly limited by the distance the neurons must cover to reconnect. Unlike peripheral nerves, central nervous system neurons have a limited ability to regenerate, primarily due to the inhibitory environment and the complexity of brain connections. Replacement, on the other hand, typically refers to therapies that would substitute non-functional cells or tissues with functional ones, such as stem cell therapy or organ transplants, where distance is not a primary limiting factor.
In terms of the subject in the second part, it's clear from Figure 36.14 that cochlear implants are designed to bypass damaged components in the ear and directly stimulate the auditory nerve. Cochlear implants would not be effective for hearing loss resulting from an abnormal auditory nerve, as the device must rely on a functional nerve to transmit sound to the brain.
As for the process of forming new memories, it is commonly referred to as construction, while the process of recalling or reassembling these memories is known as reconstruction. Hence, the formulation of new memories is sometimes called construction, and the process of recalling these memories is called reconstruction.