Final answer:
After Ca2+ enters the presynaptic terminal, it prompts synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane, releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
Step-by-step explanation:
When calcium ions (Ca2+) enter the presynaptic terminal through voltage-gated channels as a result of depolarization, they lead to the release of neurotransmitters. Specifically, Ca2+ causes synaptic vesicles to merge with the presynaptic membrane, allowing neurotransmitters to be released into the synaptic cleft through a process known as exocytosis. Therefore, the correct answer to the question of what comes after the influx of Ca2+ through channels is B. Ca2+ causes vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane.