Final answer:
Muscle adaptations from physical training vary between aerobic and anaerobic exercises. Aerobic exercise increases mitochondrial production and myoglobin level, enhancing endurance. In contrast, anaerobic exercise leads to muscle hypertrophy and increased connective tissue, boosting muscle size and strength.
Step-by-step explanation:
Functional Muscular Adaptations from Aerobic and Anaerobic Training
Physical training leads to various muscle adaptations, including changes in muscle appearance and performance. Aerobic exercises such as running and cycling primarily utilize slow-twitch fibers (SO), promoting endurance. These exercises result in increased mitochondrial production, enhancing ATP generation and improving efficiency for prolonged activities. An increased level of myoglobin also occurs, supporting enhanced oxygen delivery to muscles.
Anaerobic exercises, involving high-intensity activities like weightlifting, predominantly engage fast-twitch fibers (FG). These exercises result in muscle hypertrophy due to the addition of structural proteins and the expansion of myofibrils, thus increasing muscle size and strength. Unlike aerobic training, there is no significant increase in mitochondria or capillary density but an increase in connective tissue development and tendon strength to support powerful muscle contractions.
Adverse effects such as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) can occur if muscles are overworked without adequate rest. Flexibility exercises, like stretching, are also crucial for preventing injuries and improving range of motion.