Final answer:
A 'Fraud reporting hotline' is an example of a whistleblowing system, which is intended to allow reporting of internal misconduct without retaliation against the whistleblower.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, an example of a whistleblowing system is D. Fraud reporting hotline. A whistleblowing system is a structured way for employees or members of an organization to report misconduct, unethical behavior, or illegal activities that may be occurring within the organization. This can help to safeguard the integrity of the organization and protect the public interest. The development of whistleblowing systems was in part a response to the recognition that bureaucrats who witness wrongdoing needed a way to report it without facing retaliation. This has been reinforced over time with legislation like the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 and the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012. Examples like Watergate demonstrate the broader role of accountability in institutions, a role played not only by internal systems like hotlines but also by external forces like watchdog journalism.