Final answer:
Fraud and abuse, and the release of sensitive data, are ethical issues related to coding. These breaches of ethics require attention to professional codes of ethics and the development of policies to protect privacy and maintain trust in technology.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the listed options, fraud and abuse, and release of sensitive data typically represent ethical issues related to coding. These are real-world problems requiring solutions that adhere to established codes of ethics.
Fraud and abuse in coding could involve deliberately writing code that hides certain transactions, or creates backdoors for unauthorized access. This directly undermines trust and can lead to financial or data losses. It is important that professionals commit to writing secure and transparent software, as outlined by the IEEE-CS's Software Engineering Code of Ethics.
Moreover, the release of sensitive data is a significant ethical breach, particularly when it involves personal health records or genetic information, potentially leading to discrimination or loss of privacy. Safeguards must be in place to protect this information, and any coding related to it must be done with the highest privacy standards.
Correcting these ethical issues involves creating policies that balance the cost of treatments and diagnoses, patient quality of life, and risks to individual privacy, and ensuring that software engineers adhere to their professional codes of ethics.