Final answer:
A utilitarian would likely switch the tracks in the trolley problem option (a) to save five lives rather than one, adhering to the principle of maximizing happiness for the greatest number.
Step-by-step explanation:
A utilitarian faced with the trolley problem would most likely choose to switch the tracks so that the trolley kills the lone worker, thereby saving a greater number of lives. This decision is based on the principle of utility, which seeks to produce the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people.
In this scenario, sacrificing one life to save five aligns with utilitarian ethics, as it reduces the overall harm and increases total happiness.
According to act utilitarianism, a single moral action, such as pulling a lever to divert a trolley, can be justified if it maximizes overall happiness, despite conflicting with ordinary moral standards. However, rule utilitarianism would advocate for considering the long-term consequences and the potential establishment of a rule that, when followed in similar situations, would consistently maximize utility.
Ultimately, a utilitarian approach to the trolley problem involves careful deliberation and consideration of both the immediate and potential long-term outcomes in order to choose the action that results in the greatest utility for society.