Final answer:
An evidence-based approach to ethical policy utilizes empirical data to guide decisions, while moral relativism recognizes that moral values can vary based on cultural context without a singular, universal standard. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
An evidence-based approach to ethical policy significantly differs from moral relativism. Evidence-based policy relies on empirical data to inform decisions and measure the impact of those policies objectively. This approach can involve analyzing statistical data, outcomes of previous interventions, and other forms of research to determine the most effective course of action that aligns with ethical guidelines.
In contrast, moral relativism is the philosophical position that morality is not universal but rather varies across different cultures and societies. It argues that moral principles are not absolute but are informed by cultural norms, traditions, and social contexts. Moral relativism suggests that there is no single correct moral standard that applies to all people at all times, which means that what is considered morally right in one culture might be seen as wrong in another.
While evidence-based policy can be informed by cultural contexts, it primarily focuses on empirical evidence when developing policies. Conversely, moral relativism places cultural context at the forefront, implying that moral judgments cannot be separated from the cultural milieu in which they arise. Thus, while moral relativism can inform an understanding of different cultural perspectives, evidence-based policy uses robust data to guide ethical decision-making.