Final answer:
An AI that predicts individual infections of a novel disease before they happen would be a form of Superintelligence, currently a theoretical concept exceeding human cognitive abilities and raising ethical concerns about its use and control.
Step-by-step explanation:
An AI system that identifies what individuals will be infected by a novel disease before any case occurs points toward a form of AI that is significantly advanced. This task requires predictive capabilities that extend beyond any currently available AI technology, which generally falls under the categories of narrow AI (weak AI) or general AI (strong AI). Narrow AI is designed to perform specific tasks, such as voice recognition or image analysis, while General AI possesses broader cognitive abilities that are more akin to human reasoning.
Given the complexity and the futuristic nature of this hypothetical AI, it could arguably be considered a form of Superintelligence, which exceeds the cognitive performance of humans in virtually all domains of interest. Superintelligence is a concept that has not yet been realized but is a subject of deep concern and rigorous debate among AI experts, philosophers, and ethicists due to its potential impact on society. Swedish philosopher Nick Bostrom has raised concerns about the mismatch between our cooperative abilities and the instrumental use of such advanced technologies, emphasizing the importance of aligning superintelligent systems with human values and safety.