Final answer:
A review of 26 studies indicates that mild spanking often results in negative outcomes, including increased aggression, especially in young children. The practice is influenced by cultural and educational backgrounds and remains controversial, with opinions divided on its effectiveness as a disciplinary method.
Step-by-step explanation:
A research review of 26 studies determined that mild spanking (not severe or predominant use) is counterproductive and potentially harmful. The tendency toward physical punishment like spanking may be influenced by cultural and educational factors. For instance, people living in the Southern United States and those without a college education are more likely to use physical disciplining methods such as spanking. As of the data available, 23 states still officially permit spanking in schools, though this comes with parental objections and strict guidelines. Notably, research highlights that spanking can lead to increased aggression in the individuals subjected to it, especially if they are spanked at a young age.
The controversy surrounding corporal punishment persists, with polls showing a significant portion of the population approving of spanking as a disciplinary measure. However, studies, including those referenced by Berlin (2009) and Crandall (2011), point towards physical punishment not being an effective form of discipline and instead contributing to increased aggression, antisocial behavior, and possibly delinquency in children.