Final answer:
The scenario described is an example of Occupational gender segregation, which is the tendency to allocate specific jobs to men or women based on societal roles and stereotypes, rather than qualifications or preferences.
Step-by-step explanation:
In 2014, the fact that the vast majority of all secretaries in the United States were women and the vast majority of all engineers were men is an example of: Option 3: Occupational gender segregation. Occupational gender segregation refers to the distribution of individuals across and within occupations and jobs, based upon demographic characteristics, most notably sex. It showcases the division that often occurs in the job market where men and women are allocated into different occupations based on gender roles and stereotypes, rather than individual preferences or qualifications.
The United States has displayed clear patterns of gender stratification within its economic space, with men not only outnumbering women in authoritative, high-earning jobs but also earning more than women for equivalent work. Despite legal and ethical practices advocating for equity among genders, women often face a 'glass ceiling', making it significantly harder for them to reach the highest levels of corporate leadership and various professions. Furthermore, societal pressure and cultural traditions continue to play a significant role in driving occupational sorting, where men and women are channeled into different career paths which perpetuate these gendered employment trends.