Final answer:
Medicare Part B is an optional insurance system that provides limited funds for specific medical programs not typically covered by traditional Medicare, such as outpatient services and physician visits, with beneficiaries paying a monthly premium and the government covering about three-fourths of the costs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Medicare Options for Specific Medical Programs
The Medicare options that allow for limited funds for specific medical programs not typically covered by Medicare are known as Medicare Part B. Medicare Part B is an optional insurance system that covers health care costs outside hospital stays, including physician services, medical tests, and outpatient visits. While Medicare Part A covers some hospital charges and is funded by payroll deductions, Medicare Part B participants pay a monthly fee, deductible charges, and copayments, with the government contributing approximately three-fourths of the overall costs. Medicare also includes Medicare Advantage and the Part D prescription drug benefits, both of which have different funding structures. Moreover, Medicare and Medicaid are the two main publicly funded healthcare programs, with Medicaid providing services to those with very low incomes.