Final answer:
Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder are characterized by a failure to differentiate right from wrong and a lack of remorse, indicating significant impairments in moral comprehension and behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The psychological disorder that is characterized by an inability to distinguish right from wrong, or feel remorse, with dysfunctional thinking and perception is often associated with conditions like antisocial personality disorder or psychopathy. These disorders involve enduring, inflexible, and maladaptive patterns of behavior that deviate markedly from the expectations of an individual's culture, and they typically manifest themselves in various contexts.
Research implies that these disorders involve a malfunction in cognition and affect. For example, persons with antisocial personality disorder may display a lack of empathy, which can contribute to their inability to tell right from wrong. In contrast, prosopagnosia, or face blindness, while a sensory perception failure, is not directly related to the understanding of morality. The moral psychology field, which includes researchers like Lawrence Kohlberg, also provides insights into how individuals develop their moral understanding through different stages of cognitive development.
Several studies have suggested that our moral judgments, much like other psychological faculties, such as language and mathematics, could be influenced by our evolved social behaviors. Despite these innate faculties, individuals with personality disorders may still have impaired abilities to understand and abide by societal norms or feel empathy and remorse due to their disorder. Therefore, their ability to comprehend and act upon concepts of morality may be significantly impaired.