Final answer:
The situation described is referred to as the double burden of malnutrition, which involves the coexistence of undernutrition and obesity. It highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to address both issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The situation described in the question, where Mariela experienced undernourishment in her childhood and now as an adult is obese due to being able to afford adequate food, is referred to as the double burden of malnutrition.
The concept of the double burden of malnutrition refers to the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition (obesity) within the same population, household, or individual. It is often seen in low- and middle-income countries undergoing rapid economic and nutritional transitions.
The double burden of malnutrition highlights the complex and interconnected nature of nutrition-related issues and the need for comprehensive strategies to address both undernutrition and overnutrition.