Final answer:
Ergonomics, which falls under human factors psychology, studies the relationship between people and their work environments, focusing on optimizing the human-machine interaction to improve comfort and efficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term ergonomics is closely related to the field of human factors psychology, and it typically describes (B) The science that studies the relationship between people and their work environments. Ergonomics encompasses the design and arrangement of workplaces, tools, and systems to fit the users' needs, ultimately enhancing productivity and reducing discomfort. It involves factors such as the height of the chair and the positioning of objects near the point of use to increase comfort and efficiency in the work environment. For example, ergonomic considerations might lead to the use of standing desks or seating that promotes better posture, as well as the layout of computer interfaces for ease of use.In ergonomics, there is a concern with the physical and cognitive integration of humans with machines, aiming to optimize the human-machine interaction. The work of pioneers like Lillian Gilbreth, who contributed to both psychology and engineering fields, illustrates the interdisciplinary nature of this field, focusing on the individual worker's interaction with tools and the work environment. The design of workspaces, including desk arrangements and the incorporation of suitable furniture for healthy posture, are practical applications of ergonomics principles in creating effective workstations.