Question

Blood is made of many elements that may be used separately or together when someone receives a transfusion. Describe each component of blood (including plasma and the formed elements) and give an example of why someone might need each element. For example, the symptoms of anemia include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and dizziness or lightheadedness. What element of blood is related to anemia, and why does anemia cause these symptoms?

Answer 1

Blood, a vital connective tissue, is composed of plasma, red and white blood cells, and platelets, each serving critical functions such as transport, defense, and homeostasis maintenance. Conditions like anemia, immune deficiencies, and clotting disorders often necessitate transfusions of specific blood components, like RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.

Step-by-step explanation:

Components of Blood and their Transfusion Needs:

The blood is a special connective tissue that plays a vital role in various physiological functions such as transportation of gases, nutrients, and wastes, defense against infections, and maintenance of homeostasis. It is made up of plasma and formed elements which include red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. Each of these components has unique functions and can be the focus of a transfusion in specific medical situations.

Plasma

Plasma is the liquid component of the blood that carries the formed elements and contains over 90 percent water, as well as plasma proteins like albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen. Plasma transfusions can be required for patients with liver failure, burns, or those who need to increase their blood volume or clotting factors.

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

The primary role of RBCs is to carry oxygen to the body's tissues via hemoglobin. Anemia, a condition where there is an inadequate volume of RBCs, can result in symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Anemia can be caused by bleeding, nutritional deficiencies or inherited disorders, and often requires red blood cell transfusions.

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

WBCs are part of the immune system and help defend the body against infection. Patients with low white blood cell counts, such as those undergoing chemotherapy, may require white blood cell transfusions to boost their immune system.

Platelets

Platelets are essential for blood clotting and wound repair. Individuals with low platelet counts, often due to chemotherapy or bone marrow disorders, may need platelet transfusions to prevent excessive bleeding.