Question

In which of the following situations is volume-controlled ventilation sometimes used?

I. when a precise PaCO2 has to be maintained (some closed-head injuries)
II. when more even distribution of ventilation is required
III. when ventilating patients with severe, refractory hypoxemia
IV. when ventilating patients with unstable or changing ventilatory drives
a.I and II
b.III and IV
c.I, II, and III
d.I, III, and IV

Answer 1

Volume-controlled ventilation is sometimes used in situations where precise PaCO2 levels need to be maintained, more even distribution of ventilation is required, and in patients with severe hypoxemia or unstable ventilatory drives.

Step-by-step explanation:

In volume-controlled ventilation, the volume of air delivered to the patient is set and controlled by the ventilator. This mode of ventilation is commonly used in situations where a precise PaCO2 level needs to be maintained, such as in closed-head injuries (Option I). It is also used when more even distribution of ventilation is required to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation (Option II). Furthermore, volume-controlled ventilation is used in patients with severe, refractory hypoxemia (Option III) and in patients with unstable or changing ventilatory drives (Option IV).

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