Final answer:
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay's finding that delinquency rates declined with distance from the city center is true, reflecting Social Disorganization Theory's view that neighborhood environments significantly influence crime rates. Additionally, the temperance movement's connection to urbanization and immigration is also true.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay found that delinquency rates declined as one moved farther away from the center of the city is True. Their research, encapsulated in Social Disorganization Theory, observed that factors such as the social environment and the stability of a neighborhood are influential in shaping juvenile delinquency rates. They believed that as families moved to more affluent and stable neighborhoods, the instances of juvenile delinquency decreased, suggesting that the ecological characteristics of neighborhoods, rather than ethnicity, play a critical role in influencing crime rates.
Additionally, according to Social Disorganization Theory, crime is most likely to occur in communities where social ties are weak, and the absence of social control, such as neighborhoods where neighbors don't know each other very well. This theory, a cornerstone of the Chicago School of criminology, is the most prevalent framework for studying the geography of crime and has been used to analyze the impacts of various neighborhood elements, including businesses and institutions, on crime rates.
Regarding the query about the temperance movement, it indeed stemmed from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization and immigration. Therefore, the statement regarding the temperance movement is True.