Final answer:
The individual most likely to live closest to the CBD according to the bid-rent model is the barista at the local coffee shop who must walk to work (option d), as proximity to the workplace is essential for individuals with lower incomes and without private transportation.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the bid-rent model, the individual most likely to live closest to the central business district (CBD) is the barista at the local coffee shop who must walk to work. The bid-rent model suggests that the land closest to the CBD has the highest value because of its accessibility and proximity to jobs and amenities. As a result, those who cannot afford transportation costs and whose jobs are located in the CBD, like the walking barista, are more likely to live nearby to reduce commuting costs and time.
The bid-rent model is closely related to urban models such as the Concentric Ring Model and the Sector Model. These models explain how different urban land uses are situated in relation to the CBD. In the Concentric Ring Model proposed by Ernest Burgess, working-class individuals often reside in the zones immediately outside the CBD, where they are likely to work in nearby factories or in low-paying jobs in the CBD. In comparison, wealthier individuals who can afford longer commutes and larger homes are found in the outer rings or suburbs. The Sector Model, introduced by Homer Hoyt, also places the CBD at the center, with wedge-shaped zones radiating outward. This model accounts for the urban land use along transportation routes like railways and highways, where working-class homes flank industrial corridors. Hence, between the barista who must walk and the doctor who uses a car to commute, it is the walking barista who would presumably live closer to the CBD, where housing is more likely to be affordable for lower-wage workers and accessible by foot.