Final answer:
A stratovolcano, or composite volcano, is the type of volcano composed of alternating layers of pyroclastic fragments and hardened lava flows, characterized by a steep, conical shape and associated with both explosive and effusive eruptions.
Step-by-step explanation:
A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is characterized by its large, steep profile and periodic explosive eruptions. These volcanoes are built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava flows, tuff (a type of rock made of volcanic ash), and other types of pyroclastic materials, including blocks and bombs. The alternating layers are a result of different types of eruptions that occur at varying intervals; explosive eruptions contribute to the pyroclastic deposits, while effusive eruptions result in lava flows that solidify into rock.
The process of stratification is significant in both sedimentary rocks and igneous rocks formed at the Earth's surface, which is a characteristic feature of stratovolcanoes. A classic example of a stratovolcano would be Mount Fuji in Japan. It's worth noting that stratification is also found in other geological contexts such as the layering in sedimentary rocks or in ophiolite complexes that show a sequence from intrusive to extrusive rock.