Final answer:
The correct term for a basalt flow with a jagged, rubble surface is A'a. A'a flows have a rough texture consisting of sharp, broken lava blocks, in contrast to the smooth surface of pahoehoe flows. Other igneous rocks, such as basaltic andesite and rhyolite, are characterized by properties like color, texture, and mineral content.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes the surface of a basalt flow with a jagged, rubble surface is b) A'a. This type of lava flow is characterized by a rough, broken surface composed of broken lava blocks called clinkers. These clinkers are sharp and angular, making the surface of an A'a flow very difficult to traverse. In contrast, pahoehoe is another type of basalt flow that features a smooth, billowy, or ropy surface.
When discussing igneous rocks like basaltic andesite or rhyolite, it's important to note properties such as color, texture, and mineral content. For example, a vesicular texture would be indicated by the presence of numerous vesicles, or small cavities left by gas bubbles in the lava as it solidifies. Basaltic andesite would generally be darker in color due to its mafic mineral content, compared to the lighter color of rhyolite, which is felsic.
Scoria is a type of basalt with a high vesicle content, often appearing cinder-like and possibly red-brown in color. Unlike A'a and pahoehoe that describe the texture of lava flows, scoria describes a type of volcanic rock formed from frothy lava.