Question

The principle of ___ holds that, in a stack of horizontal layers, the oldest layer is on the bottom and the layers become younger upward.

a) Original horizontality
b) Superposition
c) Cross-cutting relationships
d) Inclusions

Answer 1

The principle referred to in the question is the law of superposition, which states that the oldest layer in a stack of horizontal sedimentary rock layers is at the bottom with progressively younger layers above it.

Step-by-step explanation:

The principle that holds that, in a stack of horizontal layers, the oldest layer is on the bottom and the layers become younger upward is known as the law of superposition. This concept is essential in the field of geology, particularly in the study of sedimentary rock formations. Utilizing the law of superposition, geologists and archaeologists can determine the relative ages of rock layers and the fossils or artifacts contained within them.

For instance, when observing a cliffside with layered sedimentary rocks, the principle of superposition can be applied to interpret the order of these strata. If we find pottery fragments at a lower stratum, according to the law of superposition, we can infer that these fragments are older than items like shell buttons found in a higher .