Final answer:
True, minerals with the same chemical composition can exhibit different structures, a phenomenon known as polymorphism. Examples include aragonite and calcite, which both are forms of CaCO3 but have distinct internal arrangements.
Step-by-step explanation:
True, minerals that have the same chemical composition but different crystalline structures exhibit polymorphism. This concept refers to the ability of a substance to exist in more than one form or crystal structure. For example, the minerals aragonite and calcite, both have the chemical composition CaCO3, yet they differ in their internal atomic arrangement and crystal structure.
The structure that a particular mineral takes can depend on the conditions under which it forms, such as temperature and pressure. Considering that a mineral is an inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure, polymorphism is a critical aspect of mineralogy and the study of minerals.