Final answer:
Frederick Taylor is the management theorist who first developed the process of breaking down each job into its component parts through scientific management.
Step-by-step explanation:
The management theorist who first developed the process of breaking down each job into its component parts is Frederick Taylor. Taylor was an engineer who advocated for scientific management of industry. He believed that by conducting time and motion studies, work could be standardized and made more efficient. His ideas are outlined in his book, The Principles of Scientific Management.