Final answer:
In the peripheral nervous system, the Schwann cells are responsible for forming the myelin sheath and the neurolemma, which are essential for efficient nerve impulse conduction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The neurological cells responsible for forming the myelin sheath and the neurolemma in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are Schwann cells.
Schwann cells play a critical role in the PNS by wrapping around the axons of neurons, which results in the formation of the myelin sheath. This sheath is essential for increasing the speed of nerve impulse conduction along the axon. In contrast, in the central nervous system (CNS), it is the oligodendrocytes that are responsible for myelinating axons. Astrocytes provide structural support and maintain the extracellular environment, while microglia serve as immune cells that scavenge pathogens and dead cells. Thus, the correct answer to the question is 'c) Schwann cells'.