Final answer:
To determine the final temperature of the aluminum block after evaporation of rubbing alcohol, the heat absorbed by the alcohol is calculated and then applied to the aluminum block using its specific heat capacity to find the temperature change.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves calculating the final temperature of an aluminum block after the evaporation of rubbing alcohol (C₃H₈O). To find the final temperature, you need to use the principles of heat transfer and the properties of aluminum, particularly its specific heat capacity. This is a thermodynamics problem in chemistry.
First, calculate the amount of heat (q) the rubbing alcohol absorbed to vaporize using its given heat of vaporization: q = moles of alcohol × heat of vaporization. After converting the mass of alcohol to moles, you would multiply by the heat of vaporization (45.4 kJ/mol) to find q in kJ.
Next, using q found from the vaporization of alcohol, apply it to the aluminum block to determine its change in temperature. Since heat lost by aluminum is equal to heat gained by alcohol (in the absence of heat exchange with the surroundings), use q = mass of block × specific heat capacity of aluminum × temperature change to solve for the change in temperature.
Subtract the change in temperature from the initial temperature of the aluminum block to get the final temperature. Since the aluminum block cools down, the final temperature will be less than its initial temperature.