Final answer:
Inappropriately intense loyalty to a project encompasses the sunk-cost fallacy and tribalism, where individuals value something more due to investments or align with groups that share similar beliefs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenomenon described, where there is an inappropriately intense loyalty to a project, can be related to concepts like sunk-cost fallacy and tribalism. The sunk-cost fallacy is where individuals confer a higher value to something than it actually warrants because they have already invested significant resources, such as time, money, or emotion, into it. Tribalism, on the other hand, refers to the human tendency of aligning beliefs and attitudes with a particular group.
In a political context, for example, someone may exhibit strong loyalty to their party's project or ideology even when facing facts that challenge its efficacy or morality. This can be seen when people struggle to objectively evaluate the political positions of those in the opposing party due to a strong commitment to their own party.